You may have just gotten results from an ultrasound, CT, or MRI—and suddenly, the term “liver lesion” or “liver tumor” enters the conversation. Understandably, your mind jumps to the worst-case scenario.

But here’s the good news: most liver tumors are not cancer. In fact, research shows that about 70% of liver tumors discovered on imaging are benign, meaning they are noncancerous, slow-growing, and often harmless.

In this guide, you’ll learn what makes a liver tumor “benign,” the most common types of benign liver tumors, why they occur, which symptoms to watch for, how they’re diagnosed and treated, and practical ways to support your liver health moving forward.

What does “benign” mean when it comes to your liver?

A benign liver tumor is a noncancerous growth that:

• Doesn’t spread to other parts of the body
  

• Usually grows slowly (if at all)
  

• Often causes no symptoms
  

• Rarely needs treatment
  

These tumors are commonly discovered by accident, often during imaging for unrelated health concerns like gallbladder pain or digestive issues. You may have had one for years and never known it.

The key takeaway? Finding a tumor doesn’t automatically mean you’re in danger.

Understand how to detect early signs of liver disease to stay ahead of potential complications.

So, what percentage of liver tumors are benign?

Studies estimate that roughly 70% of all liver tumors seen on imaging are benign. That means 7 out of every 10 people with a liver tumor are not dealing with cancer.

In fact, up to 1 in 4 adults may have a benign liver lesion—often with zero symptoms and no effect on daily life.

Read about common liver lesions and treatment options to better understand your diagnosis.

4 types of benign liver tumors to know

Understanding the type of tumor you have can help you and your doctor decide what—if anything—needs to be done.

Cavernous Hemangioma

This is the most common benign liver tumor, made up of small, tangled blood vessels. It’s often found in women ages 30 to 50 and usually shows up by chance on a scan. Cavernous hemangiomas rarely cause symptoms and almost never need treatment.

Focal Nodular Hyperplasia (FNH)

FNH is made of normal liver cells arranged in a unique pattern, often with a central scar seen on imaging. It’s most common in younger women, doesn’t become cancerous, and typically doesn’t require treatment or follow-up.

Hepatocellular Adenoma

These hormone-sensitive tumors are less common but carry more risk. They can grow or bleed and, in rare cases, may turn cancerous. Adenomas are often removed if they’re larger than 5 cm or causing symptoms. Estrogen exposure is a known risk factor.

Simple Liver Cysts

Simple cysts are fluid-filled sacs found in up to 18% of adults. They’re almost always harmless and don’t need treatment unless they grow large enough to cause pressure or pain.

See if your liver cyst needs treatment or follow-up.

Why do benign liver tumors happen?

Doctors and researchers still don’t have a single answer. But certain factors seem to play a role:

• Hormones: Estrogen exposure (birth control, HRT)

• Genetics: Family history, inherited mutations

• Metabolism: Obesity, poor diet, metabolic syndrome

• Liver: Inflammation, fat buildup (NAFLD/NASH)

• Environment: Toxins, chemicals, radiation

• Infections: Hepatitis B/C, chronic infections

• Medications: Steroids, certain drugs, supplements

• Injury: Local trauma or repeated stress

• Stress: Chronic physical or emotional stress

For most people, these tumors form silently and cause no issues.

Can a benign liver tumor turn into cancer?

In nearly all cases, no.

Tumors like hemangiomas and FNH stay benign for life. Hepatocellular adenomas carry a small risk (about 4–8%) of turning into liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma), especially in men, people taking anabolic steroids, or when certain genetic mutations (like β-catenin activation) are present. Larger tumors (over 5 cm) also carry higher risk. 

That’s why your provider might suggest imaging follow-ups, stopping hormone medications, or even surgery in select cases.

Symptoms of benign liver tumors (if any)

Most benign tumors don’t cause symptoms. But if they do, you might notice:

• Mild pain or pressure in the upper right abdomen

• Bloating or fullness, especially after eating

• Nausea

• A lump or mass you can feel (rare)

These symptoms typically appear only if the tumor is large or pressing against nearby structures.

If you are experiencing pain, see what can mimic liver pain.

How are benign liver tumors diagnosed?

Most tumors are diagnosed through imaging alone. Here’s how:

1. Ultrasound, CT, or MRI

Your provider uses these tools to visualize the tumor’s size, shape, and behavior. Some tumors have very distinctive features, like the bright, spongy look of a hemangioma or the central scar of FNH.

2. Follow-up imaging

If there’s any uncertainty, your doctor may recommend a repeat scan in 3–6 months to check for changes.

3. Biopsy (rare)

Only used when imaging results are unclear or if there's concern about cancer. Most people never need a biopsy.

Read how echogenic liver appears on imaging.

What should you do after diagnosis?

First—don’t panic.

Most benign tumors simply require watchful waiting, not aggressive treatment. Here’s what your next steps might include:

• Ask your provider the name of your tumor type

• Request a clear follow-up plan (e.g., “Repeat MRI in 6 months”)

• Track any symptoms like pain, fatigue, or digestion changes

• Avoid unnecessary medications or supplements that stress the liver

• Support your liver with healthy daily habits

Track your liver enzymes from home with an at-home test kit.

Supporting your liver naturally

Even if your tumor doesn’t require treatment, your liver will thank you for the extra care.

Eat Liver-Friendly Foods

Focus on leafy greens, cruciferous vegetables, healthy fats, berries, citrus, and whole grains. These foods support detoxification and reduce liver inflammation.

Cut Back on Liver Stressors

Limit alcohol, sugary drinks, and greasy or highly processed foods. These can strain your liver and slow its ability to heal or regenerate.

Stay Active

Just 30 minutes of walking a day can boost blood flow to your liver and reduce fat buildup. Consistent movement makes a real difference.

Stay Hydrated

Water helps your liver flush out toxins and stay efficient. Aim to sip throughout the day, not just when you're thirsty.

Ask About Supplements

Some supplements like milk thistle, NAC, or omega-3s may support liver health. Always talk to your doctor first—some supplements can interfere with treatment or cause harm if not used properly.

Explore the dangers of supplements like kratom on the liver.

When to talk to your doctor

It’s always okay to reach out when something doesn’t feel right. Make sure to contact your provider if:

• Your tumor changes in size or starts to cause pain or discomfort

• You notice new symptoms like fatigue, nausea, or yellowing of your eyes or skin

• You're on hormone therapy and your tumor is growing

• You're feeling unsure about your care plan or want a second opinion

Your healthcare team is there to support you. Speaking up early can help you get the right guidance and care.

When treatment is recommended

Most benign liver tumors do not require treatment. But your provider may suggest surgery or other interventions if:

• The tumor is larger than 5 cm and growing

• You’re experiencing symptoms like pain or discomfort

• There’s a small risk of rupture or bleeding

• Imaging cannot completely rule out malignancy

Takeaway: Most liver tumors are not dangerous

Hearing that you have a liver tumor can feel scary—but it often isn’t a reason to panic.

About 70% of liver tumors are benign. Most people live with them safely, without symptoms or treatment. Understanding what type you have and how to care for your liver can give you peace of mind and help you stay ahead of any changes.

Curious about your liver health?

Ribbon Checkup offers a simple, accurate at-home liver test to help you track key liver markers. Explore the test kit here

Related Resources

• Liver Lesions: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options
  Get a deeper understanding of how liver tumors are classified, what causes them, and how doctors evaluate them through imaging.
  

• What Size of Liver Cyst Is Dangerous? What You Need to Know
  Some benign tumors mimic cysts. This guide explains when size or symptoms might require follow-up.
  

• Can Ultrasound Detect Liver Cancer?
  Learn how ultrasound helps distinguish between benign and malignant tumors—and when other imaging may be needed.
  

 

Written by Abel Tamirat, MD
Dr. Abel Tamirat is a licensed General Practitioner and ECFMG-certified international medical graduate with over three years of experience supporting U.S.-based telehealth and primary care practices. As a freelance medical writer and Virtual Clinical Support Specialist, he blends frontline clinical expertise with a passion for health technology and evidence-based content. He is also a contributor to Continuing Medical Education (CME) programs.

References

Heiken, J. P. (2007). Distinguishing benign from malignant liver tumours. Cancer Imaging, 7(Special Issue A), S1–S14. https://doi.org/10.1102/1470-7330.2007.9084 

Karl J. Oldhafer, Habbel, V., Katja Horling, Makridis, G., & Wagner, K. (2020). Benign Liver Tumors. Visceral Medicine, 36(4), 292–303. https://doi.org/10.1159/000509145 

Lise, M., Pier, Nitti, D., Miotto, D., Maurizio Balduino, & Bacchetti, S. (1996). Benign liver tumors in adults: Diagnosis and management. Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, 3(2), 89–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02350916 

Liver cancer - Symptoms and causes. (2025). Retrieved June 18, 2025, from Mayo Clinic website: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/liver-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20353659 

Liver Lesions: What They Are, Types, Symptoms & Causes. (2023, September 7). Retrieved June 18, 2025, from Cleveland Clinic website: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14628-liver-lesions 

Nelson, A. (2017, September 6). What Are Liver Lesions? Retrieved June 18, 2025, from WebMD website: https://www.webmd.com/hepatitis/liver-lesions 

Stoot, J. H. M. B., Coelen, R. J. S., De Jong, M. C., & Dejong, C. H. C. (2010). Malignant transformation of hepatocellular adenomas into hepatocellular carcinomas: a systematic review including more than 1600 adenoma cases. HPB, 12(8), 509–522. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-2574.2010.00222.x